What three factors affect the efficiency of cooling tower?

What three factors affect the efficiency of cooling tower?

• A. Contact service, contact time, relative humidity
• B. Water temperature, flow rate, altitude
• C. Wind speed, humidity, heat load
• D. Chemical dosing, pH, conductivity

Answer: (A)

Cooling towers work by evaporating a portion of the circulating water into the air, so the efficiency hinges on how effectively water meets air and how much moisture air can still take away. The best factor set is the water’s exposure to air (contact surface area), how long that water stays in contact with air (contact time), and how much moisture the air can still absorb (relative humidity). More contact surface and longer residence time allow more heat to transfer via evaporation, while lower relative humidity in the air enables more evaporation and better cooling. Higher humidity slows evaporation, reducing cooling efficiency. Water temperature, flow rate, altitude, and water-treatment parameters influence other aspects of operation, but they don’t determine the evaporation-driven efficiency as directly as these three factors do.

Cooling towers work by evaporating a portion of the circulating water into the air, so the efficiency hinges on how effectively water meets air and how much moisture air can still take away. The best factor set is the water’s exposure to air (contact surface area), how long that water stays in contact with air (contact time), and how much moisture the air can still absorb (relative humidity). More contact surface and longer residence time allow more heat to transfer via evaporation, while lower relative humidity in the air enables more evaporation and better cooling. Higher humidity slows evaporation, reducing cooling efficiency. Water temperature, flow rate, altitude, and water-treatment parameters influence other aspects of operation, but they don’t determine the evaporation-driven efficiency as directly as these three factors do.